Blog Roll

TNA C 1/252/12, Michaelmas term 1501, binds Willelmum Sybson pellatorem de 

Lundain et Elynam uxorem eius nuper uxorem Willelmi Gardyner militis defuncti

Whispers from Calais: How Elis Gruffudd Captured the Truth of Bosworth Amid Tudor Shadows

Unlocking the Cipher: Medieval Security, Name Variants, and the Lancastrian Heart 

of London's Guilds

A Certain Skinner of London

Legal Notices & Research Disclosure

The Gardiner Syndicate: Mercantile Architects of the Tudor Ascension, 1448–2022

Gardiner Syndicate Legal Corpus

The Lost Ledgers of Bosworth: Banking Corpus

The Wool Syndicate: A Mafia-Style Coup That Bought the Tudor Throne


The Opening Balance Sheet: The Princes in the Tower (1483)

The Burial of Sir William Gardiner & the Yorkist Fires – 1485–1486

Battle of Bosworth 1485:The Logistics of War

Welsh Poems That Describe The Battle of Bosworth Field.

The Rung: Thomas Gardiner, Mercer Warden – The Bridge to Power (1460–1470)

Richard III: The Council of the Shadow Throne – 1483–1485

Vault illumination: Jasper Tudor’s Breton Exile Network, 1471–1485

Battle of Bosworth 1485: The City of London was not merely complicit.

The Steelyard Ratline – Hanseatic Exemption Chain and the Unicorn Bail (1250–1485)

The £40,000 Stanley Handover – July 1485

British Library Harley MS 433, f. 212v (Thomas Stanley to Henry Tudor, July 1485)

The Tower's Silent Reckoning: Exhibits A-O and the Merchant Indictment of 1483

Richard Gardiner (ca. 1429–1489): Expanded Biography Dec 2025

The Mercers' Cipher – Acts of Court and the Calais Ledger (1483–1489)

The Guildhall Cipher – Skinners' Court and the Battlefield Ledger (1483–1485)

The Staple Cipher – Calais Ordinances and the Wool Ledger (1470–1489)

The Prior's Cipher – Thomas Gardynyr and the Chapel Ledger (1490–1530)

The Vault Speaks – WAM 6672 and the Keeper's Silence

The Winchester Cipher – Bishop Stephen Gardiner and the Cloth Ledger (1531–1555)

The Clothworkers' Cipher – Fullers' Ordinances and the Cotswold Ledger (1470–1558)

The Redmore Reconnaissance – 1–21 August 1485

The Unicorn Lineage – 1215–1485

21 Mysteries Unlocked Using Sir William's Key

Battle Bosworth 1485: Role of the European Royal Houses

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Role of the Papacy & the Church in the Coup to Depose Richard III

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Role of the City of London

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Roll of the Fuggar Bankers

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Role of the Welser Bankers

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Role of the Medici Bankers

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Roll of the Hanseatic League

The Lost Ledgers of Bosworth: Bishop Stephen Gardiner ~ The Kings Debt

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Order of Battle, Timeline, as Shown by Receipts

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Thomas Stanley’s Betrayal

Battle of Bosworth 1485: John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Guilds of the City of London – Battlefield Contingents & Support

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Maximilian’s Mercenaries

 Battle of Bosworth 1485: The Welsh Contingent

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Calais Garrison & Logistical Backbone

Battle of Bosworth 1485: French Mercenaries

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Worshipful Company of Mercers: 200 Archers

Battle of Bosworth 1485: The German Mercenaries

 Battle of Bosworth 1485: The Skinners’ Poleaxe Squad – The 40 men who actually killed Richard III

Battle of Bosworth 1485: Philibert de Chandée - Captain

The Malmsey Vault: Retelling Clarence's Drowning and the Gardiner Receipt of 1478

The Winchester Payoff: Bishop Stephen Gardynyr and the Laundered Legacy of the Unicorn Syndicate

The Logistics Kin: Robert Gardynyr and the Field Syndicate of the Unicorn Brothers

The Fenland Grievances: Lancastrian Merchants' Reckoning and the Yorkist Toll, 1461–1485

“The Confession of Rhys ap Thomas: The Welsh Hero Who Finally Admitted the Crown Was Bought with London Gold and the Poleaxe Was Paid for in Cheapside” – TNA SC 8/198/9876, c.1520

TNA SC 8/180/8951 – The Lost Stanley Defection Petition: “I turned my coat at Bosworth… please forgive me” – Receipts They Tried to Hide on CPR Page 29

PROB 11/12 f.88r – The Kingslayer’s 1494 Codicil: “I want the poleaxe that struck the crown from Richard late king buried with me” – The Murder Weapon Goes in the Grave   (12-8-2025)

TNA C 1/202/47 – 1533: The Kingslayer’s Son Sues Henry VIII’s Official Historian Polydore Vergil for Erasing the Merchants from Bosworth   (12-8-2025)

BL Cotton MS Cleopatra E IV f. 112r – Henry VII Names Thomas Gardynyr (the Syndicate’s Propagandist Monk) as Executor of His Will – 1509   (12-8-2025)

Peniarth MS 20 f. 119v (c. 1490) – Welsh Annal: “Richard’s naked corpse dragged openly through Leicester by Stanley’s men” – Physical Verification Pending, Chain Already Corroborated   (12-8-2025)

Guildhall MS 30708 – Skinners’ Company Accounts 1482–1486 (Auditor: Wyllyam Gardynyr) 

(12-8-2025)

Hanseatisches Urkundenbuch Vol. 7, Nos. 470–480 (1484–1485) – German Proof the Gardiner Syndicate Funded Bosworth with 2,400 Sacks of Wool + Unicorn Countermark   (12-8-2025)

Sir William Gardiner: The Only Commoner Knighted on Any English Battlefield  in English History – Bosworth, 22 August 1485   (12-8-2025)

Alderman Richard Gardiner (ca. 1430–1489): Estimated True Wealth Accounting for 

Systematic Tax Avoidance, 1480–1489.   (12-8-2025)

The £40,000 Coup Chest: Archival Proof Richard III Seized the Syndicate's War Fund 

(TNA C 1/14/72)   (12-8-2025)

The Stemma Collapse: Archival Proof Stephen Gardiner was the Nephew of the    

Kingslayer (1488 Wardship Bond)   (12-8-2025)

Sir William Gardiner: Merchant, Kingslayer, and Architect of the Tudor Dawn   (12-8-2025)

The Hidden Fall: Sir William's Key Unlocks the Secret Demise of Henry VII   (12-8-2025)

Alderman Richard Gardiner (ca. 1430–1489): Estimated True Wealth Accounting for Systematic Tax Avoidance, 1480–1489.  (12-8-2025) 

The £40,000 Coup Chest: Archival Proof Richard III Seized the Syndicate's War Fund (TNA C 1/14/72)(12-8-2025) 

The Stemma Collapse: Archival Proof Stephen Gardiner was the Nephew of the Kingslayer (1488 Wardship Bond) (12-7-2025)

Sir William Gardiner: Merchant, Kingslayer, and Architect of the Tudor Dawn  (12-6-2025)

The Hidden Fall: Sir William's Key Unlocks the Secret Demise of Henry VII  (12-6-2025)

The Lancaster Resistance Timeline: From Fen to Fire, The Thrown Mortgage in Primaries. (11-3-2025)

Plausibility Thresholds for Ancestral Claims of Regicide: 

A Comparative Analysis of Sir Wyllyam Gardynyr's Bosworth Attribution (11-3-2025)

Syr Wyllyam Gardynyr: Knight of the Merchants Blade  (12-4-2025)

The March Trap Phantom Letter: The Preplanned Mire at Market Bosworth   (12-4-2025)


COUNT-HOUSE CHRONICLES: Volume I · Entry 004: The Hanseatic Siege: Exemptions and the Wool Vein Choked  (12-4-2025)

COUNT-HOUSE CHRONICLES: Volume I · Entry 003: Tong's Fracture: Northern Impalements and the Skinner's Unbroken Line  (12-4-2025)

COUNT-HOUSE CHRONICLES: Volume I · Entry 002: The Unicorn Tavern: Resistance Ground Zero  (12-4-2025)

The Bishop's True Ledger: Stephen Gardiner's 1483 Homecoming  (12-4-2025)

COUNT-HOUSE CHRONICLES: Volume I · Entry 001: The Night the Receipts Caught Up with the Tudors  (12-3-2025)

Ellen Tudor Sues King: Nephew Stephen Gardiner And The Legal Lies 

That Covered Up the Tudor Coup  (12-3-2025)

The Receipts  (12-3-2025)

The Gardiner Compendium: Primary Sources Proving the Mercantile Coup of 1485  (12-3-2025)

The Gardiner Scholarship: Key Historical Sources  (12-3-2025)

The Discovery That Broke the 540-Year Silence  (12-2-2025)

Sir William’s Key™ Is the Future of History  (10-30-2025)

“A Certain Skinner of London”: The 1486 Whisper That Named Richard III’s Killer — And Was Deliberately Left Half-Told


The Gardiner Family Paid £2.8 billion  (10-30-2025)


Kingslayers of the Counting House – Full Novel Serialisation Starts 1 December 2025 (10-28-2025)

The Gardiner Family Paid £2.8 billion (11-29-2025)

The man who delivered the killing blow to Richard III – Sir William Gardynyr (11-29-2025)

Bishop Stephen Gardiner – Lord Chancellor  (11-29-2025)

Unicorn Tavern on Cheapside – headquarters of the 1485 coup –
was owned by Sir William Gardynyr (11-29-2025)

Gardiner Family Tree: (1448 - 2022) (11-29-2025)

Mevanvy ferch Gryffudd (c. 1436 – a. 1480) (11-29-2025)

Ellen Tudor Burial – The Poultry Directive vs. Bury Tradition (11-29-2025)

The Unicorn’s Debt Volume #1 – Mercantile Architects of the Tudor Ascension,

 1448–2022 (11-29-2025)

Kingslayers of the Counting House – Full Novel Serialisation Starts 1 December 2025 (10-28-2025)

William Gardiner and Ellen Tudor: Proprietors of the Unicorn Tavern

and Key Figures in Lancastrian Resistance During the  Wars of the Roses 

(10-28-2025)

Ellen Tudor, (ca. 1455 - after 1502) (10-24-2025)

Gardiner, Stephen (ca. 1497–1555) (10-28-2025)

Royal Pardon of Sir William Gardiner, d. 1485 and Sir William Gardiner,

 d. 1480 :  A Capstone Document (8-8-2025)

Gardiner Family History Ledger: From Exning Fen to
London Bridge (10-28-2025)

Family History Ledger: The Gardiner Brothers of London and Collybyn Hall (10-27-2025)

Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford: A Lancastrian Stalwart
in Exile and Triumph [11-23-2025]

Sir William Dugdale's The Baronage of England (Volume 2, published 1675). Reveals New Details of The Battle Bosworth [11-23-2025]

Sir William Dugdale's The Baronage of England (1675–1676, vol. 1, pp. 169–171) – Verbatim Extracts, Paleographic Analysis, and Direct Ties to the Gardiner Mercantile Syndicate and the Velvet Coup of 1485 [11-23-2025]

Biography Stephen Gardiner, (ca. 1497–1555) [11-23-2025]

Royal Pardon of Sir William Gardiner, d. 1485 and Sir William Gardiner, d. 1480 : A Capstone Document

The City of London's Discontent with Richard III: Mercantile Grievances, Guild Sympathies, and the Orchestration of a Tudor Coup 11-17-2025]

The Enigmatic Knight of the Wilderness: Sir Christopher Gardiner Revisited Through Modern Eyes    [11-17-2025]

Orthographic Variations in Late Medieval Surnames: The Gardiner Lineage
in Archival Records [ 11-17-2017 ]

The Gardiner Surname: Orthographic Evolution and Etymological Reconsideration in Late Medieval England  [11-14-2025]

The Calais Crucible: Mercantile Monopolies, Dynastic Alliances, and the Tudor Consolidation in the Wake of Bosworth [11-8-2025]

Heraldry and Memorials of the Gardiner - Alington Alliance: The Tomb at Horseheath  [11-8-2025]

Timeline Alderman Richard Gardiner, Mercer, d. 1490 [11-7-2025]

The Will of Sir William Gardiner, Skinner (ca. 1450–1485): A Window into Late Medieval London Mercantile Life and Tudor Connections [11-31-2025]

[Biography Sir Gilbert Talbot 1518, Knight of the Garter [11-3-2025]

Etheldreda Audrey Gardener: A Bridge Between Mercantile Power and Gentry Ambition 

in the Shadow of Bosworth [11-3-2025]

Biography Elis Gruffydd (c. 1490–c. 1552) [10-31-2025]

Biography Ellen Tudor (ca. 1455–after 1502) [10-31-2025]

Transmission of the Bosworth Narrative:
Elis Gruffudd and the Calais Connection  [10-29-2025]

Introduction Rewriting Bosworth:  A Merchant Coup [10-28-2025]

Richard Gardiner's Role in the Calais Staple: A Merchant Coup Linchpin [10-20-25]

City of London's Passive Acceptance of Henry Tudor [10-18-25]

The Will of William Gardiner, Clothworker - Fishmonger, d. 1480: Founding benefactor
of the London Clothworkers Guild  [12-18-2017]

Biography John Gardyner of Bailrigg (b. 1400 - d. 1472) [11-17-2017]

Introduction: Rewriting Bosworth (A Merchant Coup) [10-17-25]

Hidden History #102 (Father of the City) [1-3-2018]

Hidden History #101 (What's In A Name) [12-31-2017]

Orthographic Variations in Late Medieval Surnames: The Gardiner and Alington
Lineages in Archival Records [ 11-17-20217 ]


Biography Captain Washington Walker Gardner 1839-1913: First At Vicksburg [4-15-2017]

Low Meaning of the Gardiner Name  [01-01-2017]

Warwick Marches On London 1470 [12-26-2016]

The Keys To The Kingdom [12-25-2016]

Arms - Shield, William Gardiner, and Ellen Tudor [12-24-2016]

Battle of Bosworth - Gardiner [12-04-2016]

Sir William Gardiner 1485 [07-06-2016]

Richard Gardiner 1489 [04-26-2016]

The Gardiner Scholarship: Key Historical SourcesThe Gardiner Scholarship: Key Historical Sources