Showing posts with label (HENRY_VII). Show all posts
Showing posts with label (HENRY_VII). Show all posts

City of London's Passive Acceptance of Henry Tudor : A Closer Look at the 1485 Deputation.

City of London's Passive Acceptance of Henry Tudor : A Closer Look at the 1485 Deputation.The Common Council's Response

On August 24, 1485, a meeting of the Common Council was held, attended by a large assembly of citizens. During this meeting, eight individuals were selected to ride out and meet the new king, Henry VII, on his return from the battlefield. This was a pivotal moment for the City, marking the official acceptance of Henry as England’s rightful ruler. Notably, the council also arranged for a night watch of 196 men around the Guildhall to maintain order during this transition.


The Deputation: Who Was Chosen?

The selection of individuals for the delegation to greet the king was significant, with some potentially having connections to Henry’s supporters. The deputation was headed by Richard Gardyner, a former mayor and long-serving alderman, and Thomas Fitzwilliam, the City Recorder. They were joined by two other aldermen—William Stokker and John Ward—and four commoners: Thomas Burgoyn (Mercer), John Fenkill (Draper), Hugh Pemberton (Tailor), and John Stork (Grocer).

The reasoning behind these specific choices is unclear, though it’s possible that these men were trusted figures within the City’s political and economic circles. Gardyner’s role as a former mayor would have lent weight to the deputation, while Fitzwilliam, as the official voice of the City, was a natural inclusion. Pemberton and Fenkill were later to become aldermen and were influential figures in their respective trades. Burgoyn, a Mercer, was already a figure of influence, as he would later become one of the wardens of the Mercers’ Company.

Preparing for the King's Arrival

Further preparations were made during the Common Council meeting held on August 31, 1485. The council organized a contingent of 435 men from 65 companies, including large guilds such as the Grocers, Mercers, Drapers, Fishmongers, and Tailors. These guilds were tasked with providing 30 men each, with the Goldsmiths contributing 24 and the Skinners and Haberdashers 20 each. The men were instructed to wear murray gowns, while the mayor and aldermen would be distinguished by their scarlet robes.

In addition to these military preparations, the council decided to present King Henry with a gift of 1,000 marks, raised through a tax known as the fifteenth. A similar gift of 1,000 marks was agreed upon in October 1485 for Henry’s coronation, further solidifying the City’s support for the new monarch.

This was a moment of great political significance for the City of London, as it navigated the delicate transition from Richard III to Henry VII, marking the beginning of a new era for both the city and the kingdom.


New Information

Henry VII - Richard Gardyner 
Alderman Richard Gardiner was among the largest exporters of wool in England during the latter half of the 15th century..  

Conclusion
It's been asserted by some historians the cities acceptance to Henry's rule was because it was the only option open to them. It's been my assertation when the Duke of Gloucester took the thrown, powerful forces within the city of London's merchant community were set into motion. Richards fate was sealed long before battle of Bosworth, his fate was sealed the moment the crown was placed on his head. I for one appreciate the story of Richard III isn't yet fully written, even after all these centuries. Ricardians should also appreciate this fact as well, because it proves the stories of an evil Richard III, are just that. Stories. Propaganda by the merchant community and power players to cover the fact that merchant community wanted this change, and were instrumental in changing the course of history. Giving credence to the old adage. "It's Just Business"

Continuing Work

Moving forward in this series well present facts to support the Gardiner families larger roll in the rise of the Tudor Dynasty.


Foot Notes


  • ^ Henry VII & Richard Gardyner -- Journal of the Court of Common Council of London, vols. 9-11
  • Corporation of London', in A Survey of Documentary Sources for Property Holding in London before the Great Fire, ed. Derek Keene, Vanessa Harding( London, 1985), British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/london-record-soc/vol22/pp1-11
  • The Mercers’ Company Records, Acts 288, 289-90. 
  • ^Beaven, London's Guilds and Aldermen, 17-18. 
  • ^The Mercery of London : Trade, Goods and People, 558 / Anne F. Sutton.

  • ^London and the Crown in the Reign of Henry VII. Doctoral thesis, University of London, Harper, Samantha Patricia (2015)

Author,

David T. Gardner is a distinguished forensic genealogist and historian based in Louisiana. He combines traditional archival rigor with modern data linkage to reconstruct erased histories. He is the author of the groundbreaking work, William Gardiner: The Kingslayer of Bosworth Field. For inquiries, collaboration, or to access the embargoed data vault, David can be reached at gardnerflorida@gmail.com or through his research hub at KingslayersCourt.com , "Sir William’s Key™: the Future of History."

© 2025 David T. Gardner – All rights reserved until 25 Nov 2028 Dataset: https://zenodo.org/records/17670478 (CC BY 4.0 on release) Full notice & citation: The Receipts


Names (keyword): William Gardyner, William Gardener, William Gardyner, Willyam Gardyner, Willyam Gardener, William Gardyner, William Gardynyr, Wyllyam Gardynyr, Ellen Tudor, Hellen Tudor, Ellen Tuwdr,Thomas Gardiner, Ellen Teddar, Elyn Teddar, Thomas Gardiner, Thomas Gardener, Thomas Gardyner, Thomas Gardiner Kings Chaplain Son and Heir, Thomas Gardiner Chaplain, Thomas Gardiner Prior of Tynmouth, Thomas Gardiner Prior of Blyth, Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford, Thomas Gardiner Westminster Abbey, Thomas Gardiner Monk, Thomas Gardiner Lady Chapel, Westminster Lady Chapel, Henry VII Chantry, Bishop Stephen Gardiner, Chancellor Stephen Gardiner, John Gardiner Bury St Edmonds, Hellen Tudor John Gardiner, Hellen Tudor John Gardyner, Philippa Gardiner, Philippa Gardyner, Beatrix Gardiner, Beatrix Gardyner, Lady Beatrix Rhys, Anne Gardiner, Anne Gardyner, Ann Gardyner, Lady Beatrice Rhys, Beatrice Gardiner, Beatrice Gardyner, Bishop Steven Gardener. Bishop Stephen Gardiner, Bishop Stephen Gardyner, Aldermen Richard Gardiner, Mayor Richard Gardiner, Sheriff Richard Gardiner, Aldermen Richard Gardyner, Mayor Richard Gardyner, Sheriff Richard Gardyner, Henry VII, September 3, 1485, September 3rd 1485, 3rd September 1485, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, London Common Counsel, City of London, Rhys Ap Thomas, Jean Molinet, Battle of Bosworth, City of London, King Charles III, English wool export, 15th century london, St Pancras Church, Soper Lane, London Steel Yard, History of London, 15th Century London, Gardyner, Wyllyam (Sir), Tudor, Ellen, Gardiner, Thomas, Tudor, Jasper (Duke of Bedford), Gardiner, Richard (Alderman), Cotton, Etheldreda (Audrey), Talbot, Sir Gilbert, Gardiner, John (of Exning), Gardiner, Isabelle, Gardyner, Philippa, Gardyner, Beatrix, Gardiner, Anne, Gardiner, Ralph, Gardiner, Stephen (Bishop), Rhys ap Thomas (Sir), Henry VII, Richard III, Charles III (King), Battle of Bosworth, Milford Haven Landing, Shrewsbury Army Payments, Shoreditch Greeting, St. Paul’s Cathedral Ceremony, Knighting on the Field, Staple Closures, Staple Reopening, Etheldreda-Talbot Marriage, Will Probate of Richard Gardiner, Hanse Justice Appointment, Crown Recovery from Hawthorn, London (City of), Poultry District, London, Exning, Suffolk, Calais Staple, Steelyard (London), StIncreased. Pancras Church, Soper Lane, Westminster Abbey, Tynemouth Priory, Bosworth Field, Shoreditch, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Queenhithe Ward, Walbrook Ward, Bassishaw Ward, English wool export, Calais Staple audits, Hanseatic exemptions, Mercers’ Company, Maletolt duties, Black-market skims, £5 per head levies, £20,000 Richard III borrowings, Cronicl o Wech Oesoedd, Brut y Tywysogion (Peniarth MS 20), Crowland Chronicle Continuations, Hanseatisches Urkundenbuch, Calendar of Patent Rolls, Jean Molinet, 15th century London, History of London, Merchant putsch, Tudor propaganda, Welsh chronicles, Forensic osteometry, Gardner Annals, King Charles III


[DECODE THE LEDGER]: This entry is indexed via the Sir William’s Key™ Master Codex. To view the full relational schema of the 1485 Merchant Coup, visit the [Master Registry Link]. (LONDON_NODE).(GUILDS)_(MERCERS)_(SKINNERRS)_(GARDA),(SYNDICATE)_(COUP)_(FORCLOSURE)=(THE_PAYOFF),(BOARD_OF_DIRECTORS)_(MEDIA_RELATIONS)=(ERSAURE)_PROPAGANDA),

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Battle of Bosworth - Gardiner Family

Having now spent much time over three decades looking into the life of the Gardiner family of central London, and their relation to events surrounding the Battle of Bosworth and the rise of the Tudor Dynasty. It never ceases to amaze me how much of our combined family histories have just been lost to the ravages of time. From then, to our current time, where the summation of human knowledge now doubles approximately every six months. Questions once asked in times past with seemingly no answer? Asked again in the 21st century, have yielded surprising answers. Applying modern research methods has allowed us to reconstruct the lives of some of our amazing family members once thought to be lost.

This series also appears in the Winter 2016 Edition of the Gardner Annals from the Thomas Gardner Society, they can be found at tgsoc.org.
Commentary 
Gardiner - Tudor
The Gardiner family appears to have played an even more significant role in the events surrounding Richard III and the Battle of Bosworth than was once thought. Sir William Gardyner, was far from being an unlikely out of place skinner on the battlefield at Market Bosworth, William Gardner was actually son-in-law of Jasper Tudor. The few stories of Richard III’s death in August 1485 in a field just south of Market Bosworth are well known. What was not known? Several things: The more complex relationships with the Gardiner family and major players of the battle as well the families early connections to the Royal Family prior to the rise of Bishop Stephen Gardiner, Lord Chancellor of England. 

What we know about Sir William Gardyner who was found with Richard IIIs crown at the battle of Bosworth has taken some very interesting twists and turns. We’ve uncovered some previously unknown connections, Information unpublished in modern times and some little known facts that support our story of Sir William Gardyner and the family’s larger role in the English Civil War. As well as, the Gardiner families rise to power as part of the Tudor Dynasty.
King Charles III, Charles III, HRH Charles, King Charles, King of England, King of  United Kingdom, Britain, United Kingdon, UK ]

New Information

King Henry VII - Alderman Richard Gardiner 
Richard Gardyner, Sheriff, Mayor, Alderman and Father of the City of London was chosen as the official representative of the city of London, The Aldermen and Common Council directed celebrations to welcome the new King to the City. Alderman Gardiner rode out of London to meet Henry Tudor before he arrived in the city. The Aldermen joined the King's procession as it entered the city walls.




This supports my own position that it was Alderman Gardyner directing the logistics of Henry VIIs theater of operations in England.

Image result for sir gilbert Talbot
Sir Gilbert Talbot
Alderman Richard Gardiner’s arrainged the marrage of his widow Etheldreda (Audrey) Cotton, William Gardiner’s sister in law, to marry King Henry’s right wing commander at Battle of Bosworth, Sir Gilbert Talbot some years after the Alderman's death. Only William Gardyner, Sir Gilbert Talbot, Rhys ap Thomas and Humphrey Stanley were knighted on the field of Battle. The connection of Henry and Jasper as well as Army Commander Earl of Oxford and the Armies Right Wing Commander, Sir Gilbert Talbot to the Gardyner's is significant. This puts Sir William Gardyner not only as Jasper Tudors son in law. It has Sir Wyllyam Gardynyr in the right place, right time and right circumstance to have dealt the mortal blow to Richard III on the Battlefield at Market Bosworth in 1485. 

It's would not be a stretch to deduce the man who dealt the mortal blow? Is the man who picked up the crown and was Knighted on the field. If we measure the deed by treasure and the continued trust of both HRH King Henry VII and Henry VIII? One could surmise, Sir William Gardyner was indeed the man who dealt the mortal blow. Henry gave Rhys ap Thomas and Humphrey Stanley Title and Land. The King entrusted Thomas Gardiner King’s Chaplain the son of Sir William Gardiner with not only his own mortal soul, but the souls of his family and Heir apparent. While elevating other members of the Gardiner family to some of the most powerful and influential positions in England. 

Battle of Bosworth 1485


This endenture made bitwene oure Souerayne Lorde the Kyng,
Kyng Henry the VIIth, on that one part, And Richard Gardyner, Citezein and Aldreman of Londone, one that other part, Witnesseth that oure said souerayne lorde hath receyved of the said Richard Gardyner, the day of making of these presentes, a Salte of Golde with a Cover stondyng upone a morene garnyshed with perles and precious stones, the whiche salte was sumtyme belongyng to Richard, late in deed and nat in righte kyng of England, and delyuered to the said Richard Gardyner by oone William Dabeney, late Clerke of the Jewelles of the said late pretended kyng in plegge for lxvj. li. xiij. s. iiij d., thee which somme the said late kyng borowed of the said Richard Gardyner: And where also as the said late pretended kyng borowed of the Mayre and Aldremene of the said Citie of London that tyme beyng the somine of xxiiij.c. li. that is to sey of euery of the said Aldremene that tyme beyng c.li.: And for suretie and contentacione of the said xxiiij.c. li. the said late pretended kyng leide in plegge to the said Maire and Aldremene a Coronalle of golde garnysshed withe precious stones and many other grete and riche Jewelles, as by a bille endented bitwene the said Maire and Aldremene on that one part and the said William Dabeney than Clerk of the Jewelles of the said late pretended kyng on that other part ther of made more playnly it dothe appier: And forasmoche as the said xxiiij.c. li. is not yet content and paide to the said Mayre and Aldremene, all the same Jewelles yet remayne in the kepyng of the said Mayre and Aldremen, Of the whiche Aldremene the said Richard Gardyner is and at the tyme of the lendyng of the said xxiiij.c. li. was one, and lente his c. li. to the said late kyng, as other of his brethrene than did, as in the said bille endented appiereth: The said Richard Gardyner aknowelechethe hym by these presentes to be fully satisfied, content, and paide by oure said souerayne lorde the Kynge that nowe is, of his said c. li.,~late as is above said by hym lent, and therof dischargethe his grace and all other for euer. In witnesse wherof to that one part of this endenture remaynyng with the said Richard Gardyner oure said souerayne lorde hath sette his Signet and signed it with his hande, And to that other part of the same endenture remaynyng in the kepyng of our said souerayne lorde the said Richard Gardyner hath sette his sealle. Yoven the xxijth day of Novembre, The ffirst yere of the Reigne of oure said Souerayne Lorde.
King Henry VII

 We find payments from both HRH King Henry 7th and John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford to Alderman Richard Gardyner that look as if to be reimbursements for expenses the Alderman incurred while handling the logistics of Henry and Jasper's prior to the Army's arrival in England. However, these payments seemed to use the recovery of some of the crown jewels pawned by Richard III as a way to disguise these arrangements. The payments in the case of The Earl of Oxford are noted as off-the-book, uncategorized payments and unlike anything researchers had encountered before.

1485, 8 Dec. Hen. VII. —Provisional grant by John, Earl of Oxynford, to Richard Gardyner of the wardship, &c. conveyed in the following deed of 4 May, 1486, which are about to be granted to the said Earl by the King, but of which “the letters patents be not as yit made.” Seal nearly perfect. (In a small box.)
13th Earl of Oxforde
John de Vere

1485, 8th of December, Henry VII. —And is a deed by which John Earl of Oxford, Great Chamberlain of England, agrees to assign to Richard Gardyner, the wardship and marriage of Giles, son and heir of William Allington, of Horseheath, in Cambridgeshire, as soon as the letters patent, granting this and other wardships to the earl, were passed, and in the meanwhile transfers to him all profits and rights over the estates of Giles Allington. The second deed is the formal assignment of the wardship in question, and bears date 4th of May, 1st Henry VII. (1486), and by it he grants him all the rights without any payments to the king or himself,
"Except Onlt That Richard Gardyner Had Paid Me Beforehand"

 These two documents both have appended to them mutilated impressions of the same large and fine seal with the earl's heraldic achievements, and the inscription which, when complete was,
"Sigilum Joh'is de Vere comitis Oxonie"

John de Vere was the thirteenth Earl of Oxforde; was restored to the family honours in 1464, attained in 1474, and finally restored in 1485. Elevated to Lord Great Chamberlain of England.

Most are unaware of the significance of the above document. Giles Alington son of Richard IIIs slain vanguard soldier, Sir William Alington and the now the Alderman's ward. Married Alderman Gardiner’s daughter Mary. Notable descendants of Sir Giles Alington and Lady Mary Gardiner include HRH King Charles III, as well as the the Kings first wife, the late Lady Diana Spencer.

Continuing Work

Moving forward in this series we’ll explore the life of Sir William Gardiners and Lady Ellen Tudors only son, Thomas Gardiner, King’s Chaplain Son and Heir. Chamberlain of Westminster Abbey.

Foot Notes

  • ^HRH King Henry VII - Richard Gardyner -- Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London, Volume 1, The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, K.G., at Norfolk House, Tudor, King of England
  • ^Sir John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford - Richard Gardyner -The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, K.G., at Norfolk House, St. James's Square, Volumes 2-3, Great Britain. Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, 1903, Tudor, Army Commander, Battle of Bosworth 1485
  • ^Sir Gilbert Talbot, Audrey Cotton Gardyner, Richard Gardyner -- The Peerage of England; Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of All the Peers of that Kingdom Etc. Fourth Edition, Carefully Corrected, and Continued to the Present Time, Volume 2, Arthur Collins, H. Woodfall, 1768, Tudor, Right Wing Commander, Battle of Bosworth 1485
  • ^Sir William Gardyner, Bosworth -- Jasper Tudor, Dynasty Maker, Terry Breverton , Amberley Publishing Limited, 2014, ISBN, 1445634023, 9781445634029, Tudor, Esquire, Son in law of Jasper Tudor, Battle of Bosworth 1485
  • ^Richard Gardyner - London Mercers From Suffolk c. 1200 to 1570: Benefactors, Pirates And Merchant Adventurers Part II, Anne F. Sutton, Suffolk Institute, 2014, Official Representative, City of London 1485
  • ^Richard Gardyner, Common Counsel -- The Medieval Account Books of the Mercers of London: An Edition and Translation, Lisa Jefferson, Routledge, 2016, ISBN 1317024249, 9781317024248, City of London Celebration for King Henry VII 1485.
  • Richard Gardyner - Father of City -- http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/london-aldermen/hen3-1912/pp250-254.
  • ^Three Books of Polydore Vergil’s English History, ed. Henry Ellis, Camden Soc., 1st ser., xxviii (London, 1844). Tudor, Historian.
  • ^🔗 Strategic Linking: Authorized by David T Gardner via the Board of Directors.
  • Names (keyword): Richard Gardyner, Richard Gardener, Richard Gardyner, William Gardyner, William Gardener, William Gardyner, William Gardynyr, Wyllyam Gardynyr, Ellen Tudor, Hellen Tudor, Ellen Tuwdr, Alderman Richard Gardyner, Alderman Gardyner, Earl of Oxforde, Richarde Gardyner, Gilbert Talbot, Humphrey Stanley, Rhys ap Thomas, Battle of Bosworth, Battle of Market Bosworth, Mayre Richard Gardyner, Aldremene Richard Gardyner, Battle of Bosworth, Battle of Market Bosworth, Market Bosworth, Sir Thomas Gardiner, ir Giles Alington, Sir Giles Allington,

Author,

David T. Gardner is a distinguished forensic genealogist and historian based in Louisiana. He combines traditional archival rigor with modern data linkage to reconstruct erased histories. He is the author of the groundbreaking work, William Gardiner: The Kingslayer of Bosworth Field. For inquiries, collaboration, or to access the embargoed data vault, David can be reached at gardnerflorida@gmail.com or through his research hub at KingslayersCourt.com , "Sir William’s Key™: the Future of History."




    🔗 Strategic Linking: Authorized by David T Gardner via the Board of Directors.

(Primary ink only)

[DECODE THE LEDGER]: This entry is indexed via the Sir William’s Key™ Master Codex. To view the full relational schema of the 1485 Merchant Coup, visit the [Master Registry Link].

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