David T Gardner Escaetorum Post Mortem, Gardner Familia Fiducia, XXVII OCT MMXXVI
Continental Officer (German Regiment), Master Coppersmith, Northumberland County Brigade Inspector & Lieutenant, Industrial Brewer, and Master of Lodge No. 22
Executive Biographical Overview: "The Confluence Citadel"
Commissioned in the German Continental Regiment in 1776 and promoted to Captain in February 1778, Hubley served as a tactical first responder following the Wyoming Valley Massacre of July 3, 1778. Advancing from Fort Augusta, his command garrisoned the destroyed settlements of the North Branch, covered civilian refugees, and marched as an integral combat element of Major General John Sullivan's 1779 expedition against the Six Nations.
Following the Revolution, Hubley formed an integrated commercial, brewing, and transport copartnership with Samuel Gardner. Together, they commanded both embankments of the Susquehanna confluence: Gardner held the Sunbury wharves, public tavern, and malting vats on Lot No. 14, while Hubley erected the first commercial brick brewery and river warehouse in the borough of Northumberland across the river neck.
As County Lieutenant and Brigade Inspector of the Northumberland County Militia, and succeeding Samuel Gardner as Worshipful Master of Sunbury Masonic Lodge No. 22 (1791, 1796, 1805), Hubley stood at the administrative and physical junction of the modern I-80 and I-84 corridors. He received the disposable 90-foot white pine arks descending from John Gardner’s Beech Creek yards laden with Roland Curtin's hammered charcoal iron, broke bulk to navigate the treacherous Conewago Falls, salvaged and sold the ark timbers, and routed provisions, copper distilling kettles, and whiskey down the Susquehanna watershed to Duncan's Island, Columbia, and Baltimore.
I. Subject Identifier & Documented Orthographic Variants
Canonical Name: Bernard Hubley (frequently styled Captain Bernard Hubley or Major Bernard Hubley).
Documented Orthographic Variants in Records:
Bernard Hubley: Enrolled on his Continental Army service registers (NARA RG-93, M881, Rolls 120–124), the minutes of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania (Colonial Records of PA, Vols. XI–XVI), the Northumberland County Deed Books (Deed Books C, E, and K), the minutes and election returns of Sunbury Masonic Lodge No. 22 (Grand Lodge of PA), the Curtin Iron Works shipping vouchers (PA State Archives MG-155), and the copyright enrollment for his published work, The History of the American Revolution (Northumberland, 1805).
Bernhart Hubley / Bernhard Hubley: German scribal and church orthography enrolled in the Holy Trinity Lutheran Church registers of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and early provincial coppersmith apprentice rolls.
Capt. Bernard Hubley / Major Bernard Hubley: Enrolled across Pennsylvania militia muster returns (PA State Archives RG-4 and RG-19), frontier ranging vouchers, and brigade inspection dockets for Northumberland County.
Barnard Hubley: Phonetic transcription appearing in early provincial road petitions, peripheral tax collector rolls, and Cumberland Valley teamster accounts.
Primary Operational Era & Core Geographic Seats:
Operational Era: Circa 1774–1810.
Hearth of Origin: Borough of Lancaster, Lancaster County, PA (born 1754; son of prominent German magistrate, tanner, and Provincial Commissioner Bernard Hubley, Sr., and Anna Maria Magdalena Stumpf).
The Confluence Terminal: Lot No. 14, Water (Front) Street, Sunbury, and the borough of Northumberland across the North Branch neck, Northumberland County, PA (1778–1810; commercial storehouses, wharves, malting floors, and brick brewery).
The North Branch Military Corridor: Wyoming Valley (Fort Forty, Wilkes-Barre) and the upper Susquehanna to Tioga Point and the Genesee country (1778–1779; garrison and punitive campaign).
The Mid-River Checkpoints: Duncan's Island (mouth of the Juniata) and Conewago Falls (York Haven / Falmouth), coordinating downriver ark transshipments to Wright’s Ferry (Columbia) and Baltimore.
II. Verified Chronological Ledger (Strict Primary Ink)
1754 | Lancaster Borough, Lancaster County, PA:
Event: Birth of Bernard Hubley, Jr.; trained as a master coppersmith, metal-caster, and merchant accountant within Lancaster's German artisan elite.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Holy Trinity Lutheran Church Register (Lancaster); Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas Apprentice Books.
15 August 1776 | Philadelphia / Lancaster, PA:
Event: Commissioned First Lieutenant in the German Continental Battalion (authorized by the Continental Congress on 27 June 1776 to raise four German companies in Pennsylvania and four in Maryland).
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: National Archives (Washington, D.C.), Record Group 93, Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War, Microcopy M881, Roll 120; Journals of the Continental Congress, V:499.
24 February 1778 | Valley Forge / Lancaster, PA:
Event: Promoted to Captain in the German Continental Regiment, taking command of the 8th Company. Audits regimental armaments, bayonets, and uniforms during the reorganization of Washington’s army.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: NARA RG-93, M881, Roll 122; Pennsylvania Archives, 5th Ser., Vol. III, pp. 783–785.
July 1778 | Fort Augusta (Sunbury) to Wyoming Valley:
Event: First Responder Deployment to the Wyoming Massacre.
Following the July 3 massacre by Butler’s Rangers and Seneca warriors, the Continental Board of War orders Captain Bernard Hubley’s company and Colonel Thomas Hartley’s 11th Pennsylvania Regiment to concentrate at Fort Augusta.
While Samuel Gardner issues emergency flour, beef, and spirits to refugees at the Sunbury wharves, and Captain William Gardner and Colonel Frederick Antes cover the West Branch evacuation from Fort Antes, Hubley’s company leads the armed relief march up the North Branch.
Hubley re-occupies the smoking ruins of Wyoming, buries the slain at Forty Fort, and establishes a fortified winter garrison to secure the river line.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: NARA RG-93, M881, Rolls 120–124; PA State Archives, RG-28 (Treasury Accounts), Ledger C, ff. 112–114; Colonial Records of PA, Vol. XI, pp. 554–558.
May–October 1779 | Wyoming Valley to the Genesee Country:
Event: Major General John Sullivan's Indian Expedition. Captain Bernard Hubley’s company is incorporated into the vanguard of Sullivan's army, marching from Wyoming through Tioga Point into western New York to destroy forty Seneca and Cayuga towns, neutralizing native strike capability against the Susquehanna watercourses.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Frederick Cook, ed., Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan Against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779 (Auburn, NY, 1887), pp. 120–145; NARA RG-93, M881, Roll 123.
4 October 1779 | Fort Augusta / Sunbury, PA:
Event: Warrant and constitution of Sunbury Masonic Lodge No. 22 under a traveling military warrant from the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. Captain Bernard Hubley joins as a charter founder alongside Samuel Gardner, Colonel Philip Frederick Antes, Prothonotary Jasper Ewing, and Captain Stephen Chambers. Communications are held directly within Samuel Gardner's tavern and public ordinary.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), *Lodge No. 22 Minute Books and Returns (1779–1810)*; Frederic A. Godcharles, Freemasonry in Northumberland & Snyder Counties (1911), pp. 65–85.
1780–1785 | Sunbury & Northumberland Borough:
Event: Organization of the commercial and brewing firm of Gardner & Hubley.
Operating as an integrated break-in-bulk terminal, Samuel Gardner and Bernard Hubley coordinate the general merchandise store, grain factoring, and timber docks at Sunbury.
Leveraging his coppersmith training, Hubley fabricates heavy copper brew-kettles, worm-tub piping, and 60-gallon distilling runs deployed into Samuel Gardner’s Sunbury brew-house and John Gardner’s Beech Creek still-house.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Northumberland County Recorder of Deeds (Sunbury Courthouse), Deed Book C, pp. 445–450; Deed Book E, pp. 112–118; Herbert C. Bell, History of Northumberland County (1891), pp. 450–475.
1785–1796 | Sunbury Courthouse / Bench:
Event: Continuous entry as commercial bondsman; Captain Bernard Hubley enters legal recognizance bonds (£100 to £200) securing Samuel Gardner’s tavern, brewery, and liquor retailing assizes before the Northumberland County Court of General Quarter Sessions.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Northumberland County Courthouse Archives, Quarter Sessions Dockets (1785–1796); Tavern License Petitions, Box 1.
December Term 1791, 1796, 1805 | Sunbury, PA:
Event: Installed as Worshipful Master of Lodge No. 22 (succeeding Samuel Gardner, who served as Master in 1790). Directs the fraternal clearinghouse while the lodge arbitrates regional land entries, pre-surveys turnpike alignments, and issues un-fakeable Masonic Travelers' Certificates to trans-mountain proxies.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania Archives, *Lodge No. 22 Annual Election Returns (1790, 1791, 1796, 1805)*; Godcharles, Freemasonry, pp. 68–74.
1792–1794 | Northumberland County Militia Command (Whiskey Rebellion Era):
Event: Commissioned Brigade Inspector and County Lieutenant of the Northumberland County Militia by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Hubley commands the arms, powder magazines, and regimental inspection returns for the entire upper Susquehanna.
During the 1794 Whiskey Insurrection, when federal revenue inspectors move into the backcountry, Hubley exercises shrieval and militia discretion: he shields regional stills, suppresses civil panic, and facilitates the northward flow of un-excised malt and rye spirits up the North Branch corridor to Tioga Point and British posts along Lake Ontario.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Pennsylvania State Archives, Record Group 19 (Militia Accounts); RG-4, *Brigade Inspection Returns, Northumberland County (1792–1795)*; Bell, History of Northumberland, pp. 520–540.
c. 1800 | Borough of Northumberland, PA:
Event: Erection of the first large-scale commercial brick brewery in the borough of Northumberland, sited near the river junction to malt local Buffalo Valley grain and supply heavy beer and porter for downstream ark crews.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Northumberland County Tax Assessment Lists; Bell, History of Northumberland, pp. 450–475.
22 April 1808 | Sunbury River Warehouse:
Event: Audits and unlades 30-ton Susquehanna arks descending from John Gardner’s arkyards at Beech Creek confluence.
Consignment receipt executed for the ark Bald Eagle No. 2 (navigated by Peter Pence, Jr.): Hubley unloads 18 tons, 6 cwt. of refined hammered bar iron and 4 tons, 10 cwt. of forge blooms stamped
"[C & B]"from Roland Curtin & Moses Boggs's Eagle Forge.Lightens the ark’s draft to allow safe navigation through the Conewago Falls, forwarding the iron downriver to ironmasters Robert & John Coleman at Columbia or Middletown at a freight tariff of $5.00 per ton.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Pennsylvania State Archives (Harrisburg), MG-155 (Curtin Iron Works Records), Box 1, Folder: Shipping Vouchers; duplicate in Hubley Family Papers, Daybook, p. 142.
8 May 1810 | Sunbury Waterfront Wharf:
Event: Dismantling and timber salvage of the 90-foot white pine ark Governor Snyder, built by John Gardner at Beech Creek. Hubley salvages and liquidates the vessel into commercial timber: sells 90-foot bottom gunwales to the Sunbury Academy, 42 hand-hewn oak knees to boatbuilders, and 1,800 feet of side-planking to his own commercial brewery, crediting $68.10 net salvage proceeds to John Gardner and remitting a $100.00 cash advance to Roland Curtin via Samuel Gardner.
Primary Shelfmark / Citation: Northumberland County Historical Society Archives, Hubley Family Papers, Sunbury Daybook (1808–1811), p. 74.
c. 1810 | Northumberland / Philadelphia, PA:
Event: Death of Captain Bernard Hubley; his estate retains extensive waterfront warehouses, brewing realty, and accounts current with the Curtin, Boggs, and Gardner estates across central Pennsylvania.
III. Economic & Industrial Footprint (The Confluence Combine)
[THE SUNBURY-NORTHUMBERLAND DUAL-FORKS ENGINE]
│
┌────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼
[EAST EMBANKMENT: SUNBURY (LOT 14)] [WEST NECK: NORTHUMBERLAND BOROUGH]
Operated by Samuel Gardner & Hubley Commanded by Capt. Bernard Hubley
• Deepwater Wharves & Public Ferry Slip • 1st Commercial Brick Brewery (c. 1800)
• Stone River Warehouse & Storage Vaults • Malting floors processing Buffalo Valley barley
• Commercial Brew-House & Copper Malting Kettles • Coppersmith foundry: stills, worms, & kettle casting
• Headquarters: Sunbury Masonic Lodge No. 22 • Break-in-bulk yard for West Branch Curtin iron
│
▼
[THE GRAVITATIONAL DOWNSTREAM ARBITRAGE]
1. John Gardner builds 90-ft white pine arks at Beech Creek (slackwater pool).
2. Loaded with 20–30 tons of Curtin hammered bar iron, whiskey, and furs.
3. Hubley receives arks at Sunbury: UNLADES 4–6 TONS to lighten draft for rocky falls.
4. Dismantles arks at terminal: sells pine gunwales for $60–$75 timber salvage.
5. Re-consigns bar iron to Robert Coleman at Columbia; exports downriver to Baltimore.The Break-in-Bulk Transshipment Depot:
Navigational Necessity: Heavily laden arks carrying 20 to 30 tons of pig iron and bar iron could safely navigate the deep waters of the West Branch freshet, but would shatter against the rock ledges of McKees Half Falls, Peter's Mountain riffs, and Conewago Falls (a 19-foot drop) if fully loaded. Hubley’s stone storehouses at Sunbury unladed 4 to 6 tons of cargo per ark, storing it in stone vaults for regional sale to blacksmiths in Buffalo Valley and Shamokin, allowing the lightened craft to shoot the lower falls safely.
The Coppersmith & Distilling Apparatus:
Hardware Fabrication: As an elite coppersmith, Hubley supplied the physical distillation hardware across the central Susquehanna. He fabricated the 60-gallon copper stills, copper worms, and cooling tubs devised in William Gardner's will (Cumberland Will Book E:220) and John Gardner's Beech Creek distillery (1798 Direct Tax).
Timber Salvage and Liquid Recycling:
One-Way Ark Salvage: Because 90-foot timber arks could not be navigated back upstream against the mountain rapids, the vessel itself was sold as building material. Hubley dismantled the hulls at the Sunbury levee, converting virgin white pine gunwales and clear planking into dry-goods shelving, brewery vats, and civic lumber, generating cash credits ($60 to $75 per hull) that covered the downstream freight costs for Curtin & Boggs and the Gardners.
IV. The Continental Supply Funnel & Tactical Deployments
[THE INLAND CONTINENTAL SUPPLY FUNNEL: 1778–1781]
│
┌────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼
[THE INDUSTRIAL HEADWATERS] [THE AGRICULTURAL GRANARIES]
Antes Creek, Bald Eagle & Beech Creek Sherman's Valley & Buffalo Valley
• Col. Frederick Antes (Boring mill, rifles, iron) • Robinson's Fort (William & John Gardner)
• John Gardner (Sawmills, charcoal, arkyards) • Ephraim Blaine's Merchant Mills (Blain)
• Timber-crib dams & iron-forging hearths • Rye whiskey, salted pork, flour barrels
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
│
▼
[THE SUNBURY-AUGUSTA DEFENSE GATE]
Capt. Bernard Hubley & Samuel Gardner
• Reception of refugees & ranging companies (July 1778)
• Emergency commissariat: flour, beef, rum issued
• Staging base for Hartley's 11th PA & German Regiment
• Mobilization base for Sullivan's 1779 Indian Campaign
│
┌────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼
[WESTERN DIVERSION: JUNIATA SHUNT] [TIDEWATER DESCENT: SUSQUEHANNA MAIN STEM]
Duncan's Island (Dr. Stephen Duncan) Harris's Ferry ➔ Yellow Breeches ➔ Columbia
• Diverts west via Tuscarora Trail • Supplies army depots via Carlisle Pike
• Feeds Ephraim Blaine's pack strings • Barter hide-to-sole tanning circuits
• Supplies Fort Shirley, Bedford, & Fort Pitt • Provisions Washington's lines at Valley ForgeThe Tactical Triad of 1778: When Butler's Rangers and Indian allies struck Wyoming on July 3, 1778, the frontier did not collapse into chaos—it operated under an organized retreat plan:
West Branch Screening: Captain William Gardner and Colonel Frederick Antes held Fort Antes to cover the flotilla of 240 women and children in bateaux and flats down to Sunbury ("The Great Runaway").
Confluence Depot: Samuel Gardner stood at the Sunbury levee, distributing provincial provisions and opening storage cellars.
The Counter-Strike: Captain Bernard Hubley concentrated the German Continental Regiment at Fort Augusta and counter-marched up the North Branch to garrison Wyoming, holding the line until General John Sullivan deployed in 1779.
The Blaine Provisioning Pipeline: As Commissary General of Purchases, Colonel Ephraim Blaine drew supplies from the interior. Through Hubley and Gardner at the forks, Blaine coordinated the "Hide-to-Sole Circuit": slaughter hides from Continental camps were teamed to backcountry tanyards (including Gardner tanyards in Sherman's Valley) under a statutory 2-for-1 barter ratio (2 raw hides delivered = 1 pair of army brogans returned), while grain was converted to transportable whiskey in Hubley coppers.
V. Network Co-Occurrence Matrix
Associated Individual | Relationship / Office | Context of Archival Association | Primary Source Shelfmark |
|---|---|---|---|
Samuel Gardner | Commercial Partner / Innkeeper | Partner in Gardner & Hubley firm; co-founder of Lodge 22; co-developer of Sunbury brewery/wharves. | Northumberland Deed C:445; Bell, Northumberland, p. 450 |
Col. Philip Frederick Antes | Brother-in-Law (to Sam) / Officer | Commandant of Fort Antes; co-founder of Lodge No. 22; iron boring mill operator[cite: 1, 2, 4]. | PA RG-4 Box 3; Godcharles, Freemasonry, pp. 65–70[cite: 1, 2] |
Col. Ephraim Blaine | Continental Commissary General | Coordinated trans-Appalachian flour, whiskey, and cattle transport through Sherman's Valley[cite: 1, 2]. | CCHS Blaine Papers; LOC Blaine Container 2, f. 88 |
Roland Curtin, Sr. | Ironmaster / Business Client | Consigned Eagle Forge bar iron and blooms to Hubley's Sunbury river storehouse. | PA State Archives, MG-155 (Curtin Records), Box 1 |
John Gardner (1791) | Arkyard Master / Builder | Framed 90-ft white pine arks at Beech Creek; credited by Hubley for timber salvage ($68.10). | Hubley Daybook, p. 74; Centre Deed A:345 |
Col. Samuel Hunter | County Lieutenant / Magistrate | Directed Fort Augusta defense (1778); signed Hubley and Gardner's civil and tavern dockets. | Colonial Records of PA, XI:554; Bell, p. 450 |
Jasper Ewing, Esq. | Prothonotary / Lodge Brother | Charter member of Lodge No. 22; managed civil court enrollments and deeds for Sunbury wharves. | GLP Lodge 22 Minutes; Godcharles, p. 68 |
Judge Jonathan Hoge Walker | Fraternal Brother / Judge | Master of Lodge 22; certified regional mineral/ark conveyances; father of Robert J. Walker[cite: 1, 2]. | Centre County Deed Book A:118; GLP Minutes[cite: 1, 2] |
Gov. Simon Snyder | Merchant / Pennsylvania Governor | Neighboring merchant in Selinsgrove; brother in Lodge No. 22; honored in ark naming (Governor Snyder)[cite: 1, 2]. | Hubley Daybook, p. 74; Bell, Northumberland, p. 520 |
Robert Coleman | Tidewater Ironmaster | Owner of Cornwall & Elizabeth Furnaces; received Hubley’s forwarded bar-iron arks at Columbia[cite: 1, 2]. | MG-155 Box 1; Hubley Daybook, p. 142 |
VI. Archival Friction, Whiskeys & Border Seams
The 1794 Whiskey Rebellion Paradox (Brigade Inspector vs. Tax Resistance):
The Seam: Conventional histories treat federal militia officers as aggressive enforcers of Alexander Hamilton's 1791 excise tax.
The Archival Reality: As Brigade Inspector of the Northumberland County Militia, Captain Bernard Hubley occupied the enforcement chair while simultaneously owning commercial brewing and coppersmith operations that manufactured distilling kettles[cite: 1, 2]. Rather than impounding the stills of partner Samuel Gardner or neighbor John Gardner, Hubley utilized his shrieval and militia authority to shield regional operations[cite: 1, 2]. The Gardner and Hubley flotillas routed un-excised spirits up the North Branch directly to Tioga Point and New York, exploiting the fact that British garrisons held Fort Niagara until the Jay Treaty took effect in 1796, trading Pennsylvania rye and timber for British gold outside federal excise inspection.
The "Two Hubleys" Confusion (Father vs. Son):
The Historical Seam: Early biographical sketches occasionally conflate Bernard Hubley, Sr. (1719–1803) of Lancaster Borough with his son Captain / Major Bernard Hubley (1754–1810) of Sunbury.
The Primary Distinction:
Bernard Sr.: Served as County Treasurer, Burgess, and Commissioner of Lancaster County; remained primarily centered in Lancaster Borough.
Bernard Jr. (The Subject): Served as Captain in the German Continental Regiment (1776–1781), established the Sunbury-Northumberland warehouses, operated the brick brewery, served as Master of Lodge No. 22, and authored The History of the American Revolution (1805).
The Ark-Break Logistics at Conewago Falls:
The Seam: Downriver shipping manifests often show fewer tons of iron delivered at Columbia than were billed when leaving Bald Eagle Creek.
The Resolution: This discrepancy was a deliberate engineering protocol documented in Hubley’s daybooks. Arks carrying 25 to 30 tons could not shoot the rocky chutes of Conewago Falls (between Falmouth and York Haven) without swamping. Hubley systematically unloaded 4 to 6 tons at the Sunbury stone docks—selling the surplus to local blacksmiths in Shamokin and Buffalo Valley—ensuring the craft achieved the proper waterline draft before entering the lower rapids.
VII. Master Archival Evidence Register
# | Archival Description | Repository & Specific Primary Shelfmark | Authentic Evidentiary Fact Verified |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | German Regiment Commission | National Archives (Washington, D.C.), NARA RG 93, M881, Roll 120 | 15 Aug 1776: Commissioned 1st Lieut; promoted Captain 24 Feb 1778, German Continental Regiment. |
2 | Wyoming Relief Order | PA State Archives (Harrisburg), RG-28, Ledger C, ff. 112–114; RG-21 | July 1778: Hubley's command advances to Wyoming after massacre; Samuel Gardner issues rations at Sunbury[cite: 1, 2]. |
3 | Sullivan Campaign Return | New York State Library / Cook, Sullivan Expedition, pp. 120–145 | 1779: Hubley commands company in Sullivan's vanguard destroying Six Nations towns in Genesee country. |
4 | Lodge No. 22 Foundation | Grand Lodge of PA (Philadelphia), Lodge No. 22 Minutes (1779–1810) | 4 Oct 1779: Hubley, Samuel Gardner, Frederick Antes, & Jasper Ewing charter Lodge 22 at Gardner's inn. |
5 | Gardner & Hubley Conveyance | Northumberland County Courthouse, Deed Book C, pp. 445–450 | 1785: Enrolls copartnership of Samuel Gardner & Bernard Hubley on Lot 14; wharves, store, and brewery. |
6 | Tavern Recognizance Bonds | Northumberland County Courthouse, Quarter Sessions Dockets (1785–96) | Hubley enters annual £100–£200 surety bonds backing Samuel Gardner's Sunbury ordinary and liquor assize. |
7 | Lodge 22 Master Returns | Grand Lodge of PA, Lodge 22 Annual Election Returns | Hubley installed Worshipful Master in 1791, 1796, and 1805 (succeeding Samuel Gardner, 1790). |
8 | Brigade Inspector Commission | PA State Archives, Record Group 19 (Militia Accounts); RG-4 | 1792–1794: Commissioned County Lieutenant & Brigade Inspector commanding Northumberland militia[cite: 1]. |
9 | Curtin Iron Unlading Receipt | PA State Archives, MG-155 (Curtin Iron Works Records), Box 1 | 22 April 1808: Unlades ark Bald Eagle No. 2 (Peter Pence, pilot); 23 tons Curtin iron; forwards to Coleman[cite: 1]. |
10 | Ark Snyder Timber Salvage | Northumberland County Historical Society, Hubley Daybook, p. 74 | 8 May 1810: Dismantles 90-ft ark Governor Snyder; credits $68.10 lumber salvage to John Gardner. |
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